Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyari baracyahumeka umwuka mubi

Raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara uyu munsi n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi yerekana ko 99% byaabatuye isi bahumeka umwukaibyo birenga imipaka y’ikirere cya OMS, bibangamira ubuzima bwabo, kandi abantu batuye mu mijyi bahumeka urugero rwiza rw’ibintu byiza na dioxyde ya azote, hamwe n’abantu bo mu bihugu bikennye - ndetse n’ubukungu buciriritse.

Raporo ivuga ko imijyi irenga 6.000 yo mu bihugu 117 ikurikirana ubwiza bw’ikirere, umubare wanditse.Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryashimangiye akamaro ko kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibicanwa ndetse no gufata izindi ngamba zifatika zo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere.

Ikintu cyiza na dioxyde ya azote

Dioxyde ya azote ni imyanda isanzwe yo mu mijyi kandi ibanziriza kugabanya ibintu na ozone.Ivugurura rya 2022 ry’ububiko bw’ikirere bwa OMS ryerekana ibipimo bishingiye ku butaka bwa buri mwaka bivuze ko dioxyde ya azote (NO2) ari bwo bwa mbere.Ivugurura ririmo kandi gupima ibintu byingirakamaro hamwe na diameter ingana cyangwa munsi ya microne 10 (PM10) cyangwa microne 2.5 (PM2.5).Ubu bwoko bubiri bwanduye buturuka ahanini mubikorwa byabantu bijyanye no gutwika ibicanwa.

Ububiko bushya bw’ikirere nicyo kinini cyane kugeza ubu gikubiyemo ihumana ry’ikirere.Indi mijyi igera ku 2000 / gutura abantu ubu yanditse amakuru ashingiye kubutaka kubintu bito, PM10 na / cyangwaPM2.5ugereranije namakuru agezweho.Ibi birerekana hafi inshuro esheshatu kwiyongera kwa raporo kuva data base yatangizwa muri 2011.

Muri icyo gihe, ibimenyetso bifatika byangiza umwanda uhumanya ikirere byangiza umubiri w’umuntu byagiye byiyongera cyane, ibimenyetso byerekana ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere ishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ndetse no ku rwego rwo hasi cyane.

Ikintu cyihariye, cyane cyane PM2.5, gishobora kwinjira cyane mu bihaha kandi kikinjira mu maraso, bikagira ingaruka ku mitima, imitsi, ubwonko (stroke) hamwe n’ubuhumekero.Ibimenyetso bishya byerekana ko ibintu bishobora kwanduza izindi ngingo kandi bigatera izindi ndwara.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko dioxyde ya azote ifitanye isano n'indwara z'ubuhumekero, cyane cyane asima, bikavamo ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero (nko gukorora, gutontoma cyangwa guhumeka neza), ibitaro no gusura ibyumba byihutirwa.

Umuyobozi mukuru wa OMS, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, yagize ati: "Ibiciro bya peteroli biva mu kirere, umutekano w’ingufu ndetse byihutirwa gukemura ibibazo by’ubuzima by’ubuzima bw’ikirere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bishimangira ko byihutirwa kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’isi ridashingiye ku bicanwa."

Ingamba zo kunozaikireren'ubuzima

Ninde uhamagarira ingamba zihuse kandi zikaze kugirango zifate ingamba zo kuzamura ikirere.Kurugero, kwemeza cyangwa gusubiramo no gushyira mubikorwa ubuziranenge bwikirere bwigihugu bijyanye nubuyobozi bwa OMS buheruka;Gushyigikira inzibacyuho yingufu zo murugo zo guteka, gushyushya no gucana;Kubaka uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu butekanye kandi buhendutse nabanyamaguru - hamwe numuyoboro utwara amagare;Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’ibipimo ngenderwaho;Kugenzura no gufata neza ibinyabiziga;Gushora imari mu miturire ikoresha ingufu no kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi;Kunoza imicungire y’imyanda n’amakomine;Mugabanye ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bw’amashyamba nko gutwika imyanda y’ubuhinzi, umuriro w’amashyamba n’umusaruro w’amakara.

Imijyi myinshi ifite ibibazo bya dioxyde ya azote

Raporo ivuga ko mu bihugu 117 bikurikirana ubuziranenge bw’ikirere, 17 ku ijana by’imijyi yo mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi bifite ireme ry’ikirere munsi y’amabwiriza y’ikirere cya OMS kuri PM2.5 cyangwa PM10.Mu bihugu bikennye - kandi byinjiza amafaranga yo hagati, munsi ya 1% yimijyi yujuje OMS yasabye ko hajyaho ubuziranenge bwikirere.

Kw'isi yose, ibihugu biri hasi - hamwe n’ubukungu buciriritse biracyafite ibibazo byinshi by’ibintu bito ugereranije n’ikigereranyo cy’isi yose, ariko uburyo bwa NO2 buratandukanye, byerekana itandukaniro rito hagati y’ibihugu biri hejuru - na bike - n’ibihugu byinjiza amafaranga yo hagati.

Dukeneye gukurikiranwa neza

Uburayi kandi, ku rugero runaka, Amerika ya ruguru ikomeje kuba uturere dufite amakuru yuzuye y’ikirere.Mugihe ibipimo bya PM2.5 bitaraboneka mubihugu byinshi bikennye - kandi byinjiza amafaranga yo hagati, byateye imbere cyane hagati yamakuru aheruka kuvugururwa muri 2018 n'iri vugurura, kandi abantu 1.500 batuye muri ibi bihugu bakurikirana ubwiza bw’ikirere.