Umwanda wo mu nzu (IAQ) umwandani impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera, kuko abantu bamara umwanya munini murugo kubera impamvu zitandukanye nko gukorera murugo, uburezi kumurongo, no guhindura imibereho.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ibintu bitanu biganisha ku bwiza bw’imbere mu ngo no mu kirere cyo hanze, ninde ukomeye cyane?Ni izihe ngaruka n'ingaruka zabo ku mubiri w'umuntu?Byongeye kandi, urebye ingaruka mbi, tuzaganira kandi niba hari igisubizo cyiza cy’ikirere gishobora gukemura ibyo bibazo, atari twe gusa, ahubwo no ku gisekuru kizaza.
- Inkomoko y’ibyuka bihumanya
Ubwiza bwikirere bwo murugo burakomeye kuruta ubwiza bwikirere bwo hanze kuko inkomoko yanduye iratandukanye.Umwuka wo hanze wanduye cyane cyane imyuka iva mumodoka, inganda, nibindi bikorwa byinganda.Ibinyuranye, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ahantu hatandukanye nko guteka, gushyushya, kunywa itabi, ibikoresho byoza, ibikoresho byubaka, ibikoresho, nibindi byinshi.Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kivuga ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere ishobora kuba hejuru inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshanu ugereranije n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
- Kwishyira hamwe kwanduye
Ubwinshi bw’imyanda ihumanya ni indi mpamvu ituma ubwiza bw’ikirere bwo mu nzu bukomera kuruta ubwiza bw’ikirere bwo hanze.Umwuka wo mu nzu uragarukira, kandi umwanda ugafatwa imbere, bigatuma habaho kwibanda cyane.Ku rundi ruhande, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikwirakwizwa mu kirere, kandi intumbero yabo igabanuka uko igihe kigenda.Iyo ubwinshi bwimyanda ihumanya, niko byangiza ubuzima bwabantu.
- Igihe cyo Kumurika
Guhumanya ikirere mu nzu byangiza umubiri w'umuntu kuko abantu bamara igihe kinini mu nzu.Nk’uko EPA ibivuga, abantu bamara hafi 90% umwanya wabo mu nzu.Igihe kinini cyo guhura n’imyanda ihumanya, niko ibyago byo guhura nibibazo byubuzima.Igihe cyo guhura n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ni gito, kuko abantu bamara igice gito gusa cyigihe cyabo cyo hanze.
- Amatsinda afite intege nke
Ihumana ry’imbere mu ngo ryangiza cyane amatsinda atishoboye nkabana, abasaza, nabantu bafite ubuzima bwabayeho mbere.Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko kwanduza ikirere mu ngo ari byo bitera impfu zigera kuri miliyoni 4.3 ku mwaka ku isi.Abana bakunze kwibasirwa ningaruka mbi ziterwa n’umwuka wo mu ngo kuko ibihaha byabo bikura.Abageze mu zabukuru hamwe n'abantu bafite ubuzima bwabayeho mbere nka asima, indwara z'umutima, n'indwara z'ubuhumekero bibasirwa cyane n'ingaruka z'ubuzima ziterwa n'umwanda wo mu ngo.
- Kubaka Ibiranga
Umwuka wo mu nzu ugira ingaruka ku nyubako zubaka nko guhumeka, ubushuhe, n'ubushuhe.Guhumeka nabi mu nyubako birashobora gutuma habaho kwiyongera kwimyuka ihumanya ikirere, biganisha ku mwuka mubi wo mu ngo.Ubushuhe buri hejuru burashobora guteza imbere imikurire nindwara zoroshye, zishobora kurekura allergène hamwe nibitera umwuka mukirere.Ubushuhe bukabije burashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kumyuka yo murugo mu kurekura ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC) mubikoresho byubaka nibikoresho.
Noneho ko tumaze kuganira ku mpamvu ubwiza bw’ikirere bwo mu nzu bukomeye kuruta ubwiza bw’ikirere cyo hanze, reka dushakishe ibisubizo bimwe na bimwe byo kunoza ikirere cy’imbere.
1.Gucunga ibikoresho
Kugenzura amasoko nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuzamura ikirere cyimbere.Mugukuraho cyangwa kugabanya inkomoko yimyuka ihumanya ikirere, imyuka ihumanya irashobora kugabanuka.Kurugero, gukoresha ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byogusukura, kwirinda kunywa itabi mumazu, no gukomeza inzu ihumeka neza birashobora kugabanya urugero rwimyuka ihumanya ikirere.
2.Umuyaga
Guhumeka neza birashobora gufasha kuzamura ubwiza bwumwuka wimbere mukugabanya ubukana bwimyuka ihumanya.Guhumeka bisanzwe birashobora kugerwaho mugukingura amadirishya ninzugi, mugihe imashini yubuhumekero irashobora kugerwaho ukoresheje ibyuma bisukura ikirere, umuyaga uhumeka, hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka.Guhumeka neza birashobora kandi kugena urugero rwubushuhe, bushobora kugabanya imikurire yindwara.
3.Isukura
Isuku yo mu kirere irashobora kuba igisubizo cyiza cyo kuzamura ubwiza bw’imbere mu nzu mu kuyungurura umwanda uva mu kirere.Akayunguruzo keza cyane (HEPA) muyunguruziirashobora gukuramo kugeza kuri 99,97% yibice bito nka micron 0.3.Isuku yo mu kirere irashobora gufasha cyane mukugabanya ubukana bwimyuka ihumanya ikirere ikomoka kumasoko nko guteka no kunywa itabi.Ni ngombwa guhitamo icyuma cyangiza ikirere gifite ubunini bukwiye n'ubwoko bwa filteri kugirango usukure neza umwuka wimbere.
4. Kugenzura Ubushuhe
Kugumana ubushuhe bukwiye birashobora kuzamura ubwiza bwimbere mu nzu mugabanya imikurire yindwara.Urwego rwiza rwubushuhe buri hagati ya 30-50%, kandi birashobora kugerwaho ukoresheje umwanda cyangwa ubuhehere.Imyunyu ngugu irashobora gukuraho ubuhehere bukabije mu kirere, mu gihe ibimera bishobora kongera ubushuhe mu kirere iyo byumye cyane.
5.Gufata neza
Kubungabunga buri gihe sisitemu ya HVAC, ibyogajuru, nibindi bikoresho birashobora gufasha kuzamura ikirere cyimbere.Akayunguruzo kanduye karashobora kugabanya imikorere ya sisitemu ya HVAC hamwe nogusukura ikirere, biganisha kumyuka mibi yo murugo.Isuku no kuyitaho buri gihe birashobora gukumira ivumbi, ifu, nizindi myanda ihumanya, bikagabanya kwibanda kwumwuka wimbere.
Mu gusoza, ihumana ry’ikirere ry’imbere rirakomeye kuruta ihumana ry’ikirere cyo hanze bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye nk’amasoko y’ibyuka bihumanya, kwibanda ku myanda ihumanya, igihe cyo guhura, amatsinda atishoboye, n’ibiranga inyubako.Guhumanya ikirere mu ngo byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu, cyane cyane ku matsinda atishoboye nkabana ndetse n’abasaza.Nyamara, hari ibisubizo byinshi byogutezimbere ikirere cyimbere, harimo kugenzura amasoko, guhumeka, gutunganya ikirere, kugenzura ubushuhe, no kubungabunga buri gihe.Isuku yo mu kirere irashobora kuba igisubizo cyiza cyo kuzamura ikirere cyimbere mu kuyungurura umwanda uva mu kirere.Mugushira mubikorwa ibyo bisubizo, turashobora kuzamura ikirere cyimbere no kugabanya ingaruka zubuzima ziterwa no guhumanya ikirere.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-23-2023